Islamic اسلامی MCQs and Notes
Islamic Fundamental Beliefs اسلامی بنیادی عقا ئد
| 1. Angels MCQs ملائکہ | 2. Divine Books MCQs آسمانی کتب |
| 3. Belief in Hereafter MCQs عقیدہ آخرت | 4. Belief, Monotheism, Polytheism MCQs عقائد، توحید، شرک |
| 5. Belief in Messengers MCQs عقیدہ رسالت |
Islamic Identity
| 1. Prayer نماز | 2. Alms Zakat زکوۃ |
| 3. Fast روزہ | 4. Pilgrimage Hajj حج |
| 5. Jihad جہاد |
Religion Islam
Islam is a major Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims believe to be the direct word of God (Allah) as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW-KN) in the 7th century. With over 2 billion followers worldwide, it emphasizes the oneness of God, voluntary submission to His will, and the practice of Five Pillars: faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage.
Followers:
A person who practices Islam is called a Muslim. The word "Islam" originates from the Arabic root (س-ل-م), which forms words related to submission, safeness, and peace, such as salama (to be safe/submissive) and salam (peace). In a religious context, it signifies "submission" or "surrender" to the will of God, implying that inner peace and harmony are achieved through obedience to divine law.
- Root Meaning: The triliteral root S-L-M conveys concepts of peace, purity, and submission.
- Definition: As a verbal noun, Islam means voluntary submission to God.
- Connection to Peace: The word is linguistically related to salam (peace), indicating that true peace is found in submitting to the will of God.
- "Muslim" Derived: A Muslim is the active participle of the same root, meaning "one who submits" or "one who surrenders to God".
- Broader Context: The term implies that total obedience to God brings spiritual peace and purity.
Six Articles of Faith
The Six Articles of Faith (Arkan al-Iman) represent the foundational theological creed for Muslims. While the Five Pillars describe outward actions, these six articles define the inward convictions required of a believer.
1. Belief in the Oneness of God (Tawhid)
This is the central tenet of Islam, asserting that there is only one God (Allah) who is the sole Creator, Sustainer, and Sovereign of the universe. Muslims believe God is unique, indivisible, and has no partners, parents, or offspring. Surah Ikhlas in the Quran is frequently cited to define this absolute monotheism.
2. Belief in the Angels (Malaikah)
Angels are unseen beings created from light who have no free will and exist solely to obey and worship God. Key figures include:
- Jibril (Gabriel): Responsible for delivering revelations to the prophets.
- Mikail (Michael): Oversees natural phenomena like rain and plant growth.
- Israfil: Will blow the trumpet to signal the Day of Judgment.
- Malak al-Mawt: The Angel of Death responsible for extracting the soul at the end of life.
- Munkar and Nakir: Question the deceased in their graves about their faith.
- Kiraman Katibin: The "Honourable Scribes" who record every deed (good and bad) of every human.
- Malik: The guardian of Hell (Jahannam).
- Ridwan: The guardian of Paradise (Jannah).
3. Belief in the Revealed Books (Kutub)
Muslims believe God revealed scriptures to provide moral and spiritual guidance to humanity. These include the Torah (Tawrat) given to Moses, the Psalms (Zabur) given to David, the Gospel (Injil) given to Jesus, and the Quran given to Muhammad (SAW-KW). While previous books are believed to have been altered over time, the Quran is considered the final, perfectly preserved word of God.
4. Belief in the Prophets and Messengers (Rusul)
Prophethood is the method through which God communicates His message. Muslims must believe in all prophets without distinction, beginning with Adam and including Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Muhammad (SAW-KN) is honored as the last and final prophet sent for all of humanity.
5. Belief in the Day of Judgment (Yawm al-Qiyamah)
Believers hold that the world will end, and every person will be resurrected to face accountability for their deeds. On this day, individuals will be rewarded with Paradise (Jannah) or punished in Hell (Jahannam) based on their faith and actions.
Five Pillars of Islam
The Five Pillars of Islam (Arkan al-Islam) are the core acts of worship that provide the framework for a Muslim's life. They are considered obligatory for all believers.
1. Shahada (Profession of Faith) The most fundamental pillar. It is the sincere recitation of the statement: "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah." This testimony is the requirement for conversion and is whispered into the ears of newborns.
2. Salah (Prayer) Muslims perform five ritual prayers daily at specific times: Dawn (Fajr), Noon (Dhuhr), Afternoon (Asr), Sunset (Maghrib), and Night (Isha).
- Direction: All prayers are performed facing the Kaaba in Mecca.
- Purpose: To maintain a direct personal connection with God throughout the day.
3. Zakat (Almsgiving) Muslims who meet a minimum wealth threshold (Nisab) are required to give 2.5% of their annual savings to the poor and needy. It is viewed as a purification of wealth and a way to reduce economic inequality.
4. Sawm (Fasting) During the holy month of Ramadan, healthy adult Muslims abstain from food, drink, and smoking from dawn until sunset.
- Goal: To develop self-discipline, closeness to God, and empathy for those who are hungry.
- Rituals: Pilgrims wear simple white garments (Ihram) to symbolize equality before God regardless of status or race.
Key Texts and Guidance
In addition to the Quran, Islamic life is guided by supplementary texts that provide context, legal frameworks, and spiritual depth.
1. The Quran
The Quran is the primary text, believed to be the verbatim word of God revealed to Muhammad in Arabic. It consists of 114 Surahs (chapters) and serves as the ultimate authority on creed, law, and morality.
2. Hadith and Sunnah
While the Quran provides general principles, the Sunnah (the "way" of the Prophet) provides the practical application.
- Hadith: These are recorded reports of the Prophet Muhammad's sayings, actions, and silent approvals.
- Major Collections: Sunni Muslims primarily rely on the Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim collections for authentic guidance.
Key Figures in Islam
Key figures in Islam span religious, historical, and intellectual roles, ranging from prophets to caliphs and modern reformers. 1. The Prophets (Anbiya) While Muslims believe God sent thousands of prophets, the Quran mentions 25 by name. The most significant are the five "Arch-Prophets" (Ulul 'Azm) of strong will:- Muhammad (PBUH-KN): The final messenger to whom the Quran was revealed; seen as the model of ideal human behavior.
- Ibrahim (Abraham): Revereed as the father of monotheism and builder of the Kaaba.
- Musa (Moses): The most mentioned person in the Quran; receiver of the Torah (Tawrat).
- Isa (Jesus): Born of the Virgin Mary; receiver of the Gospel (Injil) and a messiah who will return.
- Nuh (Noah): Known for his perseverance and the building of the Ark.
- Abu Bakr: The first Caliph; known for his unwavering faith and unifying the Muslim state.
- Umar ibn al-Khattab: Expanded the Islamic empire and established just governance systems.
- Uthman ibn Affan: Commissioned the compilation of the Quran into its final written form.
- Ali ibn Abi Talib: The Prophet's cousin and son-in-law; revered by Shias as the first Imam and by Sunnis as the fourth Caliph.
- Khadīja bint Khuwaylid: The Prophet(SAW-KN)'s first wife and the first person to accept Islam.
- Aisha bint Abu Bakr: Wife of Prophet (SAW-KN), A renowned scholar and major narrator of Hadith.
- Fatimah al-Zahra: The Prophet’s daughter; held in high esteem as a model of purity and devotion.
- Maryam (Mary): The only woman mentioned by name in the Quran, with an entire chapter named after her.
- Imam Abu Hanifa, Malik, Shafi'i, & Ahmad ibn Hanbal: Founders of the four major Sunni schools of law.
- Al-Ghazali: A giant of Islamic philosophy and theology.
- Ibn Sina (Avicenna) & Al-Khwarizmi: Key figures in the Islamic Golden Age who advanced medicine and mathematics.
